Table 10. Summary of evidence for baseline skeletal muscle metabolites related to MPO gains in response to ET and HIIT in TIMES.
| Skeletal muscle#$ | ET | HIIT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline association with MPO gains | Baseline difference between LRE and HRE | Baseline pathways associated with MPO gains | Baseline association with MPO gains | Baseline difference between LRE and HRE | Baseline pathways associated with MPO gains | |
| Alcohols and Polyols | ||||||
| Myo-Inositol | X | |||||
| Amino Acids | ||||||
| Alanine | X | LRE < HRE | AAGM; AtRNAB; THM | |||
| Anserine | X | Histidine metabolism | ||||
| β-Alanine | X | Propanoate metabolism | ||||
| Glutamate | X | GGM | ||||
| Glutamine | X | AAGM; AtRNAB; APM; | ||||
| Nitrogen metabolism; | ||||||
| GGM; Purine metabolism | ||||||
| Glycine | X | AtRNAB; GSTM; | ||||
| Nitrogen metabolism; | ||||||
| Methane metabolism; | ||||||
| Glutathione metabolism | ||||||
| Histidine | X | AtRNAB; | ||||
| Nitrogen metabolism; | ||||||
| Histidine metabolism | ||||||
| Isoleucine | X | AtRNAB; VLIB; | ||||
| Leucine | X | |||||
| Phenylalanine | X | AtRNAB; | ||||
| Phenylalanine metabolism; | ||||||
| Nitrogen metabolism | ||||||
| Proline | X | LRE < HRE | AAGM; AtRNAB; APM | |||
| Threonine | X | LRE < HRE | AtRNAB; GSTM; VLIB | |||
| Carboxylic Acids | ||||||
| Acetate | X | Glycolysis or | ||||
| Gluconeogenesis; | ||||||
| Pyruvate metabolism; | ||||||
| THM | ||||||
| Creatine | X | APM; GSTM | ||||
| Creatinine | X | LRE < HRE | APM | |||
| Formate | X | Nitrogen metabolism; | ||||
| Methane metabolism; | ||||||
| Pyruvate metabolism; | ||||||
| GDM | ||||||
| Fumarate | X | AAGM; Citrate cycle; NNM; | ||||
| Butanoate metabolism; | ||||||
| Phenylalanine metabolism | ||||||
| Glutathione | X | Glutathione metabolism | X | Glutathione metabolism | ||
| Isobutyrate | X | LRE > HRE | ||||
| Isocitrate | X | Citrate cycle; Glyoxylate | X | Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism | ||
| and dicarboxylate | ||||||
| metabolism | ||||||
| N,N-Dimethylglycine | X | GSTM | ||||
| N-Acetylaspartate | X | AAGM | X | |||
| N-Acetylglutamine | X | |||||
| Ornithine | X | APM; | ||||
| Glutathione metabolism | ||||||
| Succinate | X | GDM; AAGM; | ||||
| Citrate cycle; | ||||||
| Phenylalanine metabolism; | ||||||
| Butanoate metabolism; | ||||||
| Propanoate metabolism | ||||||
| π-Methylhistidine | X | Histidine metabolism | ||||
| τ-Methylhistidine | X | Histidine metabolism | X | Histidine metabolism | ||
| Fatty Acids | ||||||
| 2-Hydroxyisocaproate | X | |||||
| 3-Hydroxyisovalerate | X | X | ||||
| O-Acetylcarnitine | X | |||||
| Hydroxy Acids | ||||||
| Glycolate | X | LRE < HRE | Glyoxylate and LRE > HRE | |||
| dicarboxylate metabolism | ||||||
| Lactate | X | Glycolysis or | ||||
| Gluconeogenesis; | ||||||
| Pyruvate metabolism; | ||||||
| Propanoate metabolism | ||||||
| Imidazopyrimidines | ||||||
| 3-Methylxanthine | X | X | ||||
| Oxypurinol | X | |||||
| Theophylline | X | |||||
| Nucleosides and Nucleotides | ||||||
| ADP | X | Purine metabolism | ||||
| AMP | X | Purine metabolism; LRE < HRE | ||||
| Nitrogen metabolism | ||||||
| ATP | X | Purine metabolism | ||||
| NAD+ | X | NNM | ||||
| NADP+ | X | Glutathione metabolism | ||||
| Organic Oxygen Compounds | ||||||
| 2-Phosphoglycerate | X | |||||
| Glucose | X | Glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis | ||||
| Organic Nitrogen Compounds | ||||||
| Carnitine | X | |||||
| Dimethylamine | X | Methane metabolism | ||||
| Histamine | X | Histidine metabolism | ||||
| Methylamine | X | X | ||||
| N-Nitrosodimethylamine | X | |||||
| Trimethylamine-N-oxide | X | Methane metabolism | ||||
| Unclustered | ||||||
| 2-Hydroxyphenylacetate | X | |||||
| Acetamide | X | |||||
| Dimethylsulfone | X | X | ||||
| Niacinamide | X | NNM | ||||
| Pyruvate | X | LRE < HRE | AAGM; Citrate cycle; GSTM; Glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis; Pyruvate metabolism; THM; Phenylalanine metabolism; GDM; VLIB; Butanoate metabolism | |||
ET: Continuous endurance training; HIIT: High-intensity interval training; MPO: Maximal power output; AAGM: Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; GSTM: Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; GDM: Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; AtRNAB: Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; GGM: Glutamine and glutamate metabolism; NNM: Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; APM: Arginine and proline metabolism; THM: Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; VLIB: Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis.
#Metabolites chemical taxonomy was based on class and sub-class from Human Metabolome Database.
$Set of metabolites with correlation coefficients (r) between baseline values and changes in MPO higher than 0.2 at least one of the exercise training programs.