TABLE 1.
Characteristics of chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-related dysbiosis1
| Study, year (ref) | Disease/no. of patients | Chemo- or radiotherapy | Bacteria-detecting techniques | Samples | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al., 2015 (42) | Cervical cancer/8Anal cancer/1Colorectal cancer/2 | Pelvic radiotherapy DT: 44 ∼ 50 Gy in 22 ∼ 25 fractions | 454 Pyrosequencing | Feces | • Bacterial phylum:Firmicutes vs. Bacteroidetes ratio ↓• Bacterial family: Lachnospiraceae ↓ |
| • Bacterial genus: Faecalibacterium ↓, Oscillibacter ↓, Roseburia ↓, Streptococcus ↓, Clostridium XIVa ↑, Bacteroides ↑ | |||||
| • Diarrhea vs. no diarrhea: Clostridium XIVa ↓, Sutterella ↓ | |||||
| Montassier et al., 2015 (50) | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma/28 | Chemotherapy | 454 Pyrosequencing | Feces | • Bacterial phylum: Firmicutes ↓, Actinobacteria ↓, Proteobacteria ↑ |
| • Bacterial family: Enterococcaceae ↑, Enterobacteriaceae ↑ | |||||
| • Bacterial genus: Ruminococcus ↓, Oscillospira ↓, Blautia ↓, Lachnospira ↓, Roseburia ↓, Dorea ↓, Coprococcus ↓, Anaerostipes ↓, Clostridium ↓, Collinsella ↓, Adlercreutzia ↓, Bifidobacterium ↓, Citrobacter ↑, Klebsiella ↑, Enterococcus ↑, Megasphaera ↑, Parabacteroides ↑ | |||||
| • Capacities of metabolism: energy metabolism ↓, cofactors metabolism ↓, vitamins metabolism ↓, glycan metabolism ↑, signal transduction ↑, xenobiotics biodegradation, ↑ | |||||
| Montassier et al., 2014 (51) | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma/8 | Chemotherapy | 454 Pyrosequencing | Feces | • Bacterial phylum: Firmicutes ↓, Actinobacteria ↓, Firmicutes vs. Bacteroidetes ratio ↓, Proteobacteria ↑, Bacteroidetes ↑ |
| • Bacterial genus: Blautia ↓, Faecalibacterium ↓, Roseburia ↓, Bacteroides ↑, Escherichia ↑ | |||||
| Nam et al., 2013 (52) | Gynecological cancer/9 | Pelvic radiotherapy DT: 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions | 454 Pyrosequencing | Feces | • Bacterial phylum: Firmicutes ↓, Fusobacterium ↑• Bacterial family: Eubacteriaceae ↓, Fusobacteriaceae ↑, Streptococcacea ↑ |
| Stringer et al., 2013 (41) | Colorectal cancer/11 Breast cancer/2 Melanoma/1Healthy volunteers/2 | Chemotherapy | qPCR | Feces | • Bacterial genus: Lactobacillus ↓, Bacteroides ↓, Bifidobacterium ↓, Enterococcus ↓, Staphylococcus ↑• Bacterial species: Escherichia coli ↑ |
| Zwielehner et al., 2011 (53) | Leukemia/5Myeloma/2Non-Hodgkin lymphoma/3Gastrointestinal cancer/3Breast cancer/1Thymus cancer/1Urothelial cancer/1Ovarian cancer/1 | Chemotherapy | Bacterial 16S-sequencing | Feces | • Bacterial genus: Bifidobacteria ↓, Lactobacillus ↓, Veillonella ↓, Clostridium cluster XIVa ↓, Bacteroides ↑, Clostridium cluster IV ↑• Bacterial species: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ↑, Enterococcus faecium ↑, Clostridium difficile ↑ |
| Manichanh et al., 2008 (54) | Abdominal tumors/10Healthy controls/5 | Abdominal radiotherapy DT: 43.2∼54.0 Gy in 25 fractions | Bacterial 16S-sequencing | Feces | • Bacterial phylum: Actinobacteria ↑• Bacterial class: Bacilli ↑, Clostridia ↓ |
1DT, dose in total; ref, reference; ↓, decreased; ↑, increased.