FSTL1 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling through integrin β3. (a, b) mRNA (a) and protein (b) expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling target genes (β-catenin, myc, and cyclin D1) in FSTL1 overexpression MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and HCC38 cells. *p < 0.05. (c) TOP/FOP ratios in FSTL1 overexpression MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 cells and HCC38. *p < 0.05. (d) Western blots of integrin β3 and FSTL1 expression in integrin β3 knockdown MDA-MB-231 and HCC38 cells with or without FSTL1 overexpression. (e) TOP/FOP ratios in integrin β3 knockdown MDA-MB-231 and HCC38 cells with or without FSTL1 overexpression. *p < 0.05. (f) Relative colony formation in integrin β3 knockdown MDA-MB-231 and HCC38 cells with or without FSTL1 overexpression. *p < 0.05. (g) Number of tumor spheres in integrin β3 knockdown MDA-MB-231 and HCC38 cells with or without FSTL1 overexpression. *p < 0.05.