Table 2.
Incidence of cardiovascular disease events and all-cause mortality (2005–2015) across categories of income volatility and number of income drops, CARDIA study.
| Cardiovascular disease |
All-cause mortality |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Number of Events |
Person- years |
IR* (95% CI) |
IRD* (95% CI) |
N | Number of Events |
Person- years |
IR* (95% CI) |
IRD* (95% CI) |
|
| Overall | 3,913 | 106 | 38,402 | 2.76 (2.23, 3.29) |
- | 3,968 | 164 | 44,783 | 3.66 (3.10, 4.22) |
- |
| Tertile of Income volatility | ||||||||||
| Low | 1,303 | 22 | 12,916 | 1.70 (0.99, 2.41) |
ref | 1,323 | 32 | 15,076 | 2.12 (1.39, 2.86) |
ref |
| Medium | 1,306 | 29 | 12,894 | 2.25 (1.43, 3.07) |
0.55 (−0.54, 1.63) |
1,322 | 54 | 14,932 | 3.62 (2.65, 4.58) |
1.49 (0.28, 2.71) |
| High | 1,304 | 55 | 12,592 | 4.37 (3.21, 5.52) |
2.66 (1.31, 4.02) |
1,323 | 78 | 14,775 | 5.28 (4.11, 6.45) |
3.16 (1.77, 4.54) |
| Number of Income Drops | ||||||||||
| 0 | 2,326 | 44 | 22,984 | 1.91 (1.35, 2.48) |
ref | 2,352 | 79 | 26,649 | 2.96 (2.31, 3.62) |
ref |
| 1 | 1,339 | 47 | 13,064 | 3.60 (2.57, 4.63) |
1.68 (0.51, 2.86) |
1,361 | 61 | 15,336 | 3.98 (2.98, 4.98) |
1.01 (−0.18, 2.21) |
| 2+ | 248 | 15 | 2,354 | 6.37 (3.15, 9.60) |
4.46 (1.18, 7.73) |
255 | 24 | 2,798 | 8.58 (5.15, 12.01) |
5.61 (2.12, 9.11) |
Abbreviations: CARDIA: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CI: confidence interval; IR: incidence rate; IRD: incidence rate difference
Boldface indicates statistical significance, p < 0.05
P-values for trend analyses for income volatility and number of income drops with CVD and mortality were all significant, p <0.01
*
per 1,000 person years