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. 2019 Feb 5;10:25. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00025

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Copyright © 2019 Rb-Silva, Nobrega, Azevedo, Athayde, Canto-Gomes, Ferreira, Cheynier, Yates, Horta and Correia-Neves.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Throughout ART, PIR and AIR presented no major differences in CD4⁺ T cell activation status, proliferation, Treg numbers, nor naïve/memory CD4⁺ T cell ratio. (A) The percentage among CD4⁺ T cells and (B) absolute number of Ki67⁺ cells, (C,D) CD69⁺ cells, (E,F) Treg (CD25^highCD127⁻FoxP3⁺CD4⁺ T cells) and (G) naïve/memory CD4⁺ T cell ratio were compared throughout therapy in AIR and PIR. A Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to compare the two groups of patients at each time point, and the corresponding r is presented as a measure of effect size. *Significant after Bonferroni correction (α/5 = 0.010).