Table 1.
The information of botanical polysaccharides.
| Botany | Polysaccharides | Molecular weight | Ingredient | Glucosidic bond | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aloe vera L. (6) | PAC-I | 10,000 kDa | 90% Mannose, galactose, glucose, arabinose | β-(1 → 4)-D- mannose | Anti-tumor, stimulate T and B cell proliferation, promote the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ |
| PAC-II | 1,300 kDa | 90% Mannose, galactose, glucose arabinose | β-(1 → 4)-D- mannose | ||
| PAC-III | 470 kDa | 54% Mannose, 33% galactose, 13% arabinose | |||
| Angelica sinensis (7) | ASP1 | Glucose, galactose, arabinose | Radioprotection effect (ASP3) | ||
| ASP2 ASP3 | 34 kDa (ASP3) | Galacturonic acid, rhamnose, galactose, arabinose | |||
| Aconitum carmichaeli (8) | FPS-1 | 14 kDa | α-(1 → 6)-D- glucan | Stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in mice | |
| Cistanche deserticola (9) | Glucose | α-(1 → 6)-D- glucan | |||
| Curcuma xanthorrhiza (10) | CPE | 33 kDa | 18.69% Arabinose, 14% galactose, 50.67% glucose, 12.97% mannose, 2.73% rhamnose, 0.94% xylose | Activate macrophages | |
| Ixeris polycephala (11) | KMCP | 1,950 kDa | Arabinogalactan | Stimulate the synthesis of NO in macrophage | |
| Ipomoea batatas (12) | PSPP | 53.2 kDa | Glucan | α-(1 → 6)-D- glucan | Stimulates lymphocyte proliferation, activate macrophages and NKcells |
| Juniperusscopolorum (13) | J-I- J-V | 30–680 kDa | Arabogalactan | J-I, J-II, J-III activate macrophages | |
| Phyllanthusniruri (14) | Rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, glucose | α-(1 → 4)-D- glucan | Stimulates the production of superoxide enzymes | ||
| Cucurbita moschata (15) | Glucose, glucuronic acid, galactose arabinose | Antioxidant activity | |||
| Spondias cytherea (16) | sFTS | Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid | Activate macrophages | ||
| Vernonia kotschyana (17, 18) | Vk100A2a | 20 kDa | Rhamnose, arabinose, galactose | Complement binding activity, promote B cell proliferation | |
| Vk100A2b | 115 kDa | Induce chemotaxis of macrophages, Nk cells and Tcells | |||
| Panax notoginseng (19) | 1,140 kDa | Polygalacturonic acid, rhamnose, galactan | Complement binding activity | ||
| Rosa rugosa (20) | P1-a | 150 kDa | Inhibition reverse transcriptase activity of HIV-1 | ||
| Salvia miltiorrhiza (21) | SMP 1 | 1,390 kDa | α-(1 → 6)-D- glucan | ||
| SMP 0.5 | 403 kDa | α-(1 → 6)-D- glucan | |||
| Tinospora cordifolia (22) | RR1 | Glucan | α-(1 → 4)-D- glucan | Activate macrophages | |
| Thamnolia vermicularis (23) | Ths-2 Ths-4, Ths-5 thamnolan |
Glucan Furan galactose Furan galactose |
Ths-2, Ths-5, and thamnolan stimulate the proliferation of mouse spleen cells; Ths-4 and Ths-5 activate mouse peritoneal macrophages; Ths-2, Ths-4, and Ths-5 stimulated IL-10 release in spleen cells of mice |