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. 2019 Feb 5;10:66. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00066

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Copyright © 2019 Gorlova, Ichiba, Nishimaru, Takamura, Matsumoto, Hori, Nagashima, Tatsuse, Ono and Nishijo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram and results derived from structural equation modeling with eight observed variables. Single-headed arrows (paths) indicate the causal relationships in the model, with the variable at the tail of the arrow causing the variable at the point. Double-headed arrows indicate covariances or correlations, without a causal interpretation. Statistically, the single-headed arrows (paths) represent regression coefficients, while the double-headed arrows represent covariances. e1-8, measurement errors. Values near the arrows indicate standardized regression coefficients. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^#p < 0.1.