Table 3.

The changes of pain unpleasantness from pre-treatment to post-treatment sessions in all experimental groups (data are expressed as M ± SD).

Personal characteristics		Response expectancy
		No	Low	High
Gender	F	−0.03 ± 0.71	0.36 ± 0.66	−0.34 ± 0.78
	M	0.02 ± 0.54	−0.04 ± 0.66	0.32 ± 0.92
LOT-R	Low	0.32 ± 0.52	−0.07 ± 0.56	−0.08 ± 0.84
	High	−0.09 ± 0.50	0.40 ± 0.58	−0.03 ± 0.64
STAI-S	Low	−0.25 ± 0.56	0.07 ± 0.72	0.47 ± 1.11
	High	0.35 ± 0.71	0.21 ± 0.81	−0.13 ± 0.86

F, Female; M, Male; LOT-R, Life Orientation Test-Revised; STAI-S, State subscale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Changes of pain unpleasantness were obtained by subtracting the ratings in post-treatment sessions from those in pre-treatment sessions.