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. 2019 Feb 5;10:167. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00167

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Immunological phenomena associated with progression of cirrhosis. Increasing disease severity is accompanied by the establishment of a skewed immune profile, characterized by concurrent systemic inflammation and deficient immune protection. This state of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) is crucial in increasing the risk of life-threatening microbial infection, and is in part mediated by a dysregulation of the immune checkpoint network [reviewed in (9)].