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. 2019 Feb 11;9:1773. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38043-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SEM images of (a) the unirradiated surface of the ITO film and (b) following irradiation at a laser fluence of 0.7 Jm⁻². The inset in (b) shows the transverse size distribution of the surface structures as measured from the SEM micrograph. The smooth unirradiated surface seen in (a) is found to become heavily textured in (b) as the polymer binder is removed by the laser interaction.