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. 2019 Feb 5;10:29. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00029

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Copyright © 2019 Wan, Xu, Song, Liu, Wang, Zhao, Jiang, Liu, Zeng and Tu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Caesalpinia sappan ethanolic extract inhibits neuronal apoptosis in MCAO rats. (A) Ultrastructural changes in the neuronal cell nuclei in brains as detected by TEM (scale bar: 3 μm). (B) Ultrastructural changes of the neuronal cell organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, in brains as detected by TEM (scale bar: 3 μm). (C) Neuronal apoptosis as detected by TUNEL staining assay (scale bar: 50 μm). (D) Quantitative assessment of TUNEL positive cells in rat brain cortex penumbra per field. (E) MAP-2 expression as detected by IHC assay using a specific antibody for MAP-2 (scale bar: 50 μm). (F) Quantitative assessment of MAP-2 positive neuronal cells in rat brain cortex penumbra per field. (G) Morphologic changes of neuronal synapses as detected by Nissl staining assay (scale bar: 50 μm). (H) Quantitative assessment of Nissl bodies in rat brain cortex penumbra per field. Six rats in each group and three slices for each rat were examined for TEM analysis. Three rats in each group and three slices for each rat were examined for TUNEL, Nissl staining and IHC assay. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ^##P < 0.01 vs. sham group, ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^∗P < 0.05 vs. MCAO group.