Table 2.
Summary of studies of NIRS in cortical function recovery.
| Study | # of patients | Patients character | Etiology | Target area | Measurement | Method | Clinical applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Park et al. (38) | 1 | Male, 73 | Subcortical stroke | Bilateral motor area | Δ[Oxy-Hb] and Δ[Deoxy-Hb]. | fNIRS | Assess serial changes during CIT |
| Schytz et al. (39) | 108 (four studies) | Ischemic stroke | MCA | Δ[Oxy-Hb] and Δ[Deoxy-Hb]. | Multi-channel NIRS | Assess CA by recording LFO | |
| Han et al. (40) | 10 | Age: 76.6 ± 8.5 year | Cerebral infarction | Left and right prefrontal lobes | HbO2 signals | fNIRS | Assess the prefrontal functional connectivity using wavelet coherence analysis of cerebral tissue oxyhaemoglobin concentration (Delta [HbO2]) signals in elderly subjects with cerebral infarction (CI) during the resting state |
| Cao et al. (41) | 6 | 3 male, 3 female; age 10.2 ± 2.1 | Stroke with hemiplegia | Sensorimotor cortex, covering PMC, SMA and M1/S1 | Oxy-Hb, deoxy-Hb, and total-Hb levels | fNIRS | Evaluate cortical plasticity after CIT |
| Tan et al. (42) | 12 | 6 men, 6 woman | Cerebral infarction | Bilateral forehead | Δ[Oxy-Hb] and Δ[Deoxy-Hb]. | Multi-channel NIRS | Evaluate functional connectivity |
| Oldag et al. (43) | 20 | 12 men, 8 women; mean age 55.3 ± 12.5 years | Unilateral high-grade steno-occlusion of MCA | Bilateral MCA | Δ[Oxy-Hb] and Δ[Deoxy-Hb]. | Multi-channel continuous wave NIRS | Assess autoregulation delay |
| Moriya et al. (44) | 11 | Seven males, four females, aged 69.6 ± 12.0 years | Stroke | Prefrontal cortex | Δ[Oxy-Hb] and Δ[Deoxy-Hb]. | Two-channel NIRS | Examine the acute effect of physical exercise |
| Saita et al. (45) | 2 | 58-year-old male; 74-year-old female | Cerebellar stroke | Bilateral frontal lobe | Δ[Oxy-Hb] and Δ[Deoxy-Hb]. | fNIRS | Evaluate cortical activity |
| Mori et al. (46) | 14 | 12 men and 2 women; mean age, 61.1 ± 9.3 years; range, 36–72 years | Stroke | Prefrontal cortex | Δ[Oxy-Hb] and Δ[Deoxy-Hb]. | 16-channel NIRS | Investigate the association between PFC activity and dual-task interference on physical and cognitive performance |
| White et al. (47) | 2 | Infant | Perinatal stroke | Bilateraloccipital Lobe | Oxygenation | NIRS oximetry | Investigate the functional organization of the brain in adults and infants |
CIT, constraint-induced therapy; CA, cerebral autoregulation; LFO, low-frequency oscillations.