Table 1.
Comparison of Patient Characteristics (N = 163). BMI: body mass index.
| Variable | Cases (N = 46) |
Controls (N = 117) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 69.48 ± 17.68 | 77.03 ± 13.64 | 0.0041 |
| BMI | 23.55 ± 5.59 | 23.18 ± 5.97 | 0.7233 |
| Length of Stay (index hospitalization) | 13.52 ± 10.24 | 10.72 ± 8.70 | 0.0805 |
| Gender | 0.9242 | ||
| Male | 21 (45.65) | 52 (44.83) | |
| Female | 25 (54.35) | 64 (55.17) | |
| Race | 0.0008 | ||
| White | 16 (34.78) | 59 (50.43) | |
| Black | 10 (21.74) | 43 (36.75) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (15.22) | 6 (5.13) | |
| Asian | 7 (15.22) | 6 (5.13) | |
| Other | 6 (13.04) | 3 (2.56) | |
| Marital Status | 0.7474 | ||
| Married | 23 (51.11) | 52 (44.44) | |
| Widowed | 16 (35.56) | 47 (40.17) | |
| Single/Other | 6 (13.33) | 18 (15.38) | |
| Language | 0.0007 | ||
| English | 30 (66.67) | 104 (91.23) | |
| Spanish | 6 (13.33) | 4 (3.51) | |
| Other | 9 (20.00) | 6 (5.26) | |
| Religion | 0.1602 | ||
| Catholic | 12 (29.27) | 49 (42.61) | |
| Protestant | 13 (31.71) | 31 (26.96) | |
| Jewish | 5 (12.20) | 20 (17.39) | |
| Other | 8 (19.51) | 13 (11.30) | |
| None | 3 (7.32) | 2 (1.74) | |
| Insurance | <0.0001 | ||
| Medicare Alone | 4 (8.70) | 97 (82.91) | |
| Medicaid | 15 (32.61) | 5 (4.27) | |
| Private | 6 (13.04) | 12 (10.26) | |
| Other (dual eligible, etc.) | 21 (45.65) | 3 (2.56) | |
| Hospital Diagnosis | 0.5672 | ||
| Cancer | 30 (65.22) | 62 (52.99) | |
| CHF (Chronic Heart Failure)/CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) | 5 (10.87) | 18 (15.38) | |
| Dementia | 4 (8.70) | 14 (11.97) | |
| Other (i.e., COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and ESRD End Stage Renal Disease) | 7 (15.22) | 23 (19.66) | |
| Discharge Day | 0.1478 | ||
| Sunday | 2 (4.35) | 7 (6.03) | |
| Monday | 7 (15.22) | 11 (9.48) | |
| Tuesday | 8 (17.39) | 23 (19.83) | |
| Wednesday | 6 (13.04) | 28 (24.14) | |
| Thursday | 11 (23.91) | 10 (8.62) | |
| Friday | 8 (17.39) | 25 (21.55) | |
| Saturday | 4 (8.70) | 12 (10.34) | |
| Family Support at Home | 0.1653 | ||
| Yes | 39 (95.12) | 116 (99.15) | |
| No | 2 (4.88) | 1 (0.85) | |
| Symptoms | 0.3476 | ||
| Pain | 7 (17.07) | 16 (16.49) | |
| Dyspnea | 10 (24.39) | 12 (12.37) | |
| All others | 21 (51.22) | 60 (61.86) | |
| None | 3 (7.32) | 9 (9.28) | |
| Emergency Contact Relationship | 0.0743 | ||
| Spouse | 17 (40.48) | 33 (28.21) | |
| Child | 23 (54.76) | 63 (53.85) | |
| Other (i.e., family, friend, self) | 2 (4.76) | 21 (17.95) |
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD; Categorical variables are presented as n (%).