Table 2.
Summary of the psychometric aspects of validated delirium screening instruments.
| Name and Author | Validation Sample | Country of Validation | Number of Items/Criteria; Administration Time | Sensitivity; Specificity | Validation in Other Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAM (Inouye et al. 1990) [8] | 56 patients | USA | 9 criteria; 20 min | 94% to 100%; 90% to 95% | Brazil, Finland, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Thailand |
| mCAM-ED (Grossmann et al. 2014) [22] | 207 elderly patients | Switzerland | 3 step assessment; 4–6 min | Small sample not able to calculate with accuracy | NF |
| CAM-ICU (Han et al. 2014) [7] | 406 elderly patients | USA | 4 criteria; 2–5 min | 68% to 72%; 98.6% | NF |
| DTS (Han et al. 2013) [9] | 406 patients | USA | Two-step assessment; 20 s | 98%; 55% | NF |
| bCAM (Han et al. 2013) [30] | 406 patients | USA | 4 criteria; 2 min | 78% to 84%; 96% to 97% | NF |
| NEECHAM (Neelon, 1996) [32] | 426 elderly patients | USA | 9 items; 10 min | 95%; 78% | Portugal; Sweden; Belgium |
| RASS (Sessler et al. 2002) [34] | 293 ICU patients | USA | Ten-step assessment; 30–60 s | 99%; 64% | Brazil; Germany; Iran; Spain |
CAM = Confusion Assessment Method; CAM-ICU = Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit; mCAM-ED = Modified Confusion Assessment Method for the Emergency Department; BCAM = Brief Confusion Assessment Method; RASS = Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; DTS = Delirium Triage Scale; OBS = Organic Brain Syndrome Scale; NEECHAM = Neelon and Champagne Confusion Scale; NF = Not Found, unable to find any published peer-reviewed articles regarding instrument validations in other countries.