Table 1.

Effects of hydrocephalus on pituitary function

Year	Author	Type of hydrocephalus	Pituitary function findings	Type of study
2012	Moin et al. [16]	iNPH	Decreased IGF-1	Experimental study
2011	Pinto et al. [17]	Chronic hydrocephalus	Decreased growth hormone	Single case study
1997	Löppönen et al. [18]	Shunted hydrocephalus	Decreased growth hormone***	Controlled cross sectional study
1998	Löppönen et al. [19]	Shunted hydrocephalus	Decrease in growth hormone and IGF-1 post shunting	Case study
1977	Hier et al. [20]	Chronic hydrocephalus	Decreased growth hormone	Multiple case study
2016	Vieira et al. [21]	Post hemorrhagic acute phase hydrocephalus	Patients with hydrocephalus had increased pituitary dysfunction when compared to non-hydrocephalus patients***	Cohort study
1978	Barber et al. [22]	iNPH	Decreased growth hormone	Single case report
1979	Barber et al. [23]	iNPH	Hypopituitarism	Multiple case report
1997	Hochhaus et al. [24]	Hydrocephalus	Decreased IGF-1***	Cross sectional study
2015	Khajeh et al. [25]	Post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus	Pituitary dysfunction and growth hormone deficiency	Case study

Studies examining the effects of multiple types of hydrocephalus on pituitary function specifically related to growth hormone/IGF-1. Pituitary function findings indicated with (***) indicate a statistically significant result compared to age and cohort matched controls