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. 2019 Feb 11;19:135. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3743-7

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Level of Immune activation in HIV-1 and HIV-2 chronic infection. a Comparison of expression of immune activation markers (CD38&HLA-DR) on CD4⁺T and CD8⁺T cells among ART-naïve HIV-1 (n = 11), HIV-2 (n = 13) infected individuals and seronegative individuals (n = 11). Statistical significance was evaluated by unpaired t test; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; and ***, p < 0.001. The frequencies of activated cells are those observed within CD4⁺T and CD8⁺T cell gates as outlined in Additional file 4 Figure S4. b Correlation analysis between frequency of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ activated T cells and Tregs cells in both ART-naïve HIV-1(n = 11) and HIV-2 (n = 13) infected individuals. Spearman’s correlation test was used to determine the correlation coefficient (r) and the significance (p < 0.05).