Table 3.

Summary of outcomes of spirituality, spiritual care, and patient-centered care based on the research

Outcomes
Individual spirituality
Elevating consciousness
Promoting healing and growth of mind-body-spirit and relationships
Feeling of liberation
Development of inner strength (resiliency)
Increased hope and coping
Development of meaning and purpose in life
Spiritual care
Increased adherence of patient to a plan of care
Increased adherence of patient to a healthy lifestyle
Improved patient's hope and coping skills
Improved patient QOL and SWB*
Patient-centered care
Improved patient care
Increased patient satisfaction with care
Increased patient empowerment
Improved patient and health systems outcomes
Improved patient coping
Improved patient resiliency
Collaborative decision making which promotes a holistic approach to care

*QOL: Quality of life, SWB: Spiritual well-being