. 2019 Apr-Jun;6(2):170–176. doi: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_50_18

Table 1.

Participant characteristics and total mean score of the acceptance of disability according to groups (n=43)

	n (%)	Acceptance of disability^c

		Mean±SD	P
Gender^a
Male	41 (95.3)	29.4±8.0	0.080
Female	2 (4.7)	19.1±3.2	0.080
Age^b	67.5±10.6
Age at laryngectomy^b	61.2±9.8
Post-operative years^b	6.3±6.5
Living arrangement^a
With relatives	36 (83.7)	29.1±7.9	0.740
Alone	7 (16.3)	28.0±9.9	0.740
Employment status^a
Employed (contain absence)	9 (20.9)	29.3±11.1	0.915
Unemployed/retired	34 (79.1)	28.8±7.3	0.915
Hobbies or enjoyment^a
With hobbies	22 (51.2)	30.5±8.7	0.198
Without hobbies	21 (48.8)	27.3±7.3	0.198
Communication methods^a
Use of esophageal speech	11 (25.6)	30.1±10.1	0.589
Other than esophageal speech	32 (74.4)	28.5±7.5	0.589
Writing^d	15 (34.9)
Electrolarynx (EL)^d	10 (23.3)
Writing + EL^d	5 (11.6)
Gesturing^d	1 (2.3)
Lip synchronizationd^d	1 (2.3)

^at-test, ^bMean±SD (Standard deviation), ^cRange of score 5-45, ^dWays of except of esophageal speech