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. 2014 Jul 4;63(5):798–811. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syu044

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© The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 8. — a) The four-taxon tree used for simulations. The path between W and X is always of length 0.1 with Y and Z evenly spaced along it. The simulated data are used to construct the ML three-taxon trees (W,X,Y) and (W,X,Z), b), and the ML four-taxon tree (one of c–f). Distances x and y, as indicated in b–f, measure the inferred distance between the branches to taxa Y and Z. g) The relative position of Y and Z on the W–X path on the three-taxon trees (x-axis) versus that on the optimal four-taxon tree (y-axis). Lengths of 1.5 are used for branches to Y and Z; equivalent results are seen for other lengths. h) The proportions of different topologies obtained for different lengths of Y and Z.