Study	Data	Sample (size)	Sample characteristics	Methods
Anderson, Butcher, and Levine (2003)	National Longitudinal Survey of Youth	Children ages 3 to 11 (n = 16,650)	Representative of American children whose mothers who were between the ages of 14 and 22 in 1979	Child longitudinal difference; sibling differences at point in time; sibling differences at same age; state unemployment rate as instrumental variable
Bishop (2011)	Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia	Children ages 15 to 19 (n = 912)	Representative of all Australian households	Control for proxy of mother, youth and household characteristics; unemployment rate and hours worked by other females as instrumental variable; sibling-difference
Chia (2008)	Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth	Children ages 6 to 11 (n = 4,107)	Representative of Canadian children who were between the ages of 0 and 11 in 1994	Ordinary least squares; sibling difference
Datar, Nicosia, and Shier (2014)	Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort	5th and 8th grade samples (n for full sample = 10,630, 9,390; n for analysis sample = 9,940, 8,850)	Representative of American children who started kindergarten during the 1998–1999 school year	Ordinary least squares; control for proxy of mother’s ability and health preferences; school fixed effects; state unemployment rate as instrumental variable
Greve (2011)	Danish Longitudinal Survey of Children	Children aged 7.5 (n = 4,336 mothers and 4,348 children)	Representative of Danish children born between September 15 and October 31, 1995	Mother’s self-reported working hours in 1999 to explain child overweight status in 2003; local unemployment rate as instrumental variable; quantile regression
Morrissey, Dunifon, and Kalil (2011)	National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development	Children in 3rd, 5th, and 6th grades (n = 990)	Representative of infants and their families in 10 U.S. cities beginning in 1991; families not lost to attrition had on average higher levels of maternal education	Random effects and within-child fixed effects (pooled across 3rd, 5th, and 6th grades)
Ruhm (2008)	National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979; Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth	Children aged 10 or 11 years with mothers aged 35 to 42 years (n = 2,201)	Representative of American children born between 1979 and 1988 (whose mothers were ages 14 to 22 in 1979) and who were 10 or 11 years old at one of the biennial assessment dates	Rich set of controls; control for maternal employment during the youth’s entire life; sibling fixed effects; propensity score methods
Von Hinke Kessler Scholder (2008)	National Child Development Study	Children aged 16 years (n = 3,350)	Representative of British children born between March 3–9, 1958, living in the United Kingdom	Control for maternal employment at different points in child’s life (preschool and ages 7 and 11); model unobserved heterogeneity as a function of proxy variables; child fixed effects
Ziol-Guest, Dunifon, and Kalil (2013)	National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979; Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth	Children ages 13 or 14 (n = 4,192)	Representative of American children born between 1979 and 1995, whose mothers were ages 14 to 22 in 1979	Ordinary least squares regression of cumulative employment; sibling difference