Table 1.

Soil properties. Means ± standard deviation.

		years since restoration
	field	16–20	58–66	114	natural
soil conductivity (mS cm−1)	0.1 ± 0.1a	12.1 ± 2.8	25.8 ± 3.4	29.3 ± 9.4	33.9 ± 15.7
moisture content (%)	18.0 ± 0.7	31.4 ± 5.9	49.9 ± 3.4	50.2 ± 7.9	56.0 ± 8.3
bulk density (g cm−3)	1.0 ± 0.2	0.90 ± 0.14	0.51 ± 0.06	0.53 ± 0.13	0.45 ± 0.13
below ground biomass (kg m−2 to 30 cm depth)	0.1 ± 0.2a	0.61 ± 0.5	1.3 ± 0.8	2.4 ± 2.0	3.8 ± 2.7
C (%)	1.9 ± 0.3	2.9 ± 1.1	3.6 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 2.2	5.8 ± 2.7
carbon content, 0–30 cm (kg m−2)	5.9 ± 1.0	7.5 ± 1.8	5.6 ± 0.5	6.8 ± 1.5	6.9 ± 1.4

^aTollesbury site data only.