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Observed centroid motion of the (a)–(f) left kidney and gallbladder in the repeat 4D MR scans of the six healthy volunteers and (g)–(i) lung tumor in the single 4D MR scan of the eight patients used in this study. Shown is the shift of the centroid at each of the ten breathing phases per scan measured in left–right (LR), anterior–posterior (AP) and superior–inferior (SI) direction, respectively, relative to the peak-exhale phase of the first scan.
