Figure 8.

Simulation results of GNR-enhanced NINS in the case of HH model #1 (considering both the TRPV1 and capacitive currents) and at the stimulation threshold. (a) The time course of the membrane temperature changes relative to body temperature (36.5°C) when illuminating NIR light onto the GNRs. (b) The TRPV1 channel current exhibits an initial inward current followed by a larger outward current. (c) The capacitive current plot shows that inward and outward currents are generated exactly when switching on and off the laser, respectively. The capacitive current consists of two components: the one associated with the time derivative of the capacitance (dotted line in the inset) and the other one associated with the time derivative of the potential difference (dashed line in the inset). We intentionally used the same current scale as (b) for comparison with the TRPV1 current. (d) The membrane potential shows that the action potential is evoked at this threshold (186 W ⋅ cm⁻²). The red shaded boxes indicate the NIR pulse illumination (0.5 ms duration). To see this figure in color, go online.