Table 1.

The characteristics at diagnosis of MM patients included to the study.

Patients	All patients n = 98	II homozygous n = 13	Heterozygous n = 27	DD homozygous n = 58
Male/female	52/46	6/4	16/12	30/30
Mean age (years) at diagnosis	65.6	65.75	65.3	65.88
TYPE OF MM
IgG, n (%)	55 (56.12)	4	15	36
IgA, n (%)	25 (25.51)	4	8	13
Light chain, n (%)	17 (17.34)	2	4	11
Free light chain ratio	303	166	253	356
Non-secretory, n (%)	1 (1.02)	0	0	2
STAGE ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL STAGING SYSTEM, n (%)
I, n (%)	26 (26.5)	3	10	13
II, n (%)	30 (30.61)	4	9	17
III, n (%)	42 (42.85)	2	8	32
No renal failure, n (%)	80 (81.63)	8	24	48
Renal failure, n (%)	18 (16.32)	2	3	13
THE STAGE OF KIDNEY DISEASE
G1, n (%)	31 (31.6)	0	12	19
G2, n (%)	25 (25.51)	5	7	13
G3A, n (%)	15 (15.3)	2	1	12
G3B, n (%)	12 (12.24)	2	4	6
G4, n (%)	6 (6.12)	0	2	4
G5, n (%)	9 (9.18)	1	1	7
Percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow, M ± SD	30.54 ± 18.96	29.17 ± 19.54	30.67 ± 19.8	29.15 ± 18.43
CYTOGENETIC CHANGES
del(17p13.1)	3	0	1	2
t(4;14)	8	1	3	4
t(14;16)	1	0	0	1
Albumins (g/dL) M ± SD	3.56 ± 0.67	3.63 ± 0.67	3.56 ± 0.67	3.55 ± 0.67
β2-microglobulin (mg/L), M ± SD	5.98 ± 3.98	6.37 ± 4.14	6.02 ± 3.99	6.01 ± 3.98
Calcium (mM/L) M ± SD	2.43 ± 0.3	2.45 ± 0.32	2.43 ± 0.3	2.43 ± 0.3
Hemoglobin (g/dL) M ± SD	10.37 ± 1.91	10.28 ± 1.85	10.36 ± 1.89	10.33 ± 1.85
Creatinine (mg/dL) M ± SD	1.55 ± 1.67	1.67 ± 1.78	1.55 ± 1.68	1.56 ± 1.68
C-reactive protein (mg/L), M ± SD	16.07 ± 35.34	16.73 ± 37.43	16.27 ± 35.72	16.23 ± 35.51
Progression free survival* (PFS) (months), M ± SD	17.78 ± 18.18	18.72 ± 19.07	17.7 ± 18.15	17.78 ± 18.18
Death caused by MM, n (%)	31 (31.63)	6	5	20
Overall survival (months) M ± SD	25.21 ± 26.31	26.79 ± 26.81	25.11 ± 26.51	25.41 ± 26.37

SD, standard deviation; M, mean.

^*The time elapsed between treatment initiation and tumor progression or death from any cause (21).