Table 2.
Studies reporting the isolation, characterization, and use of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell-Extracellular Vesicles (AFSC-EVs).
| Reference | Species | AFSC isolation | EV isolation technique | Model | Biological effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romani et al.22 | Human | Morphologic selection and confirmation with FACS and RT-PCR | UC | In vitro: Immuno-modulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Decrease in T-cell proliferation and expression of immune-modulatory protein IDO1 |
| Xiao et al.23 | Mouse | FACS of AFSCs expanded in culture | ExoQuick-TC | In vitro: nitrogen-mustard injured mouse granulosa cells | Decrease in granulosa cell apoptosis via microRNA10a |
| In vivo: chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in mice | Decrease in granulosa cell apoptosis and preservation of ovarian follicles | ||||
| Balbi et al.24 | Human | c-Kit+ immunoselection (MACS) | UC | In vitro: C2C12 mouse myoblast cells, human dermal fibroblasts, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Inhibition of C2C12 apoptosis, increase in fibroblast proliferation and immunomodulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| In vivo: skeletal muscle atrophy in mice | Decrease in skeletal muscle inflammation | ||||
| Mellows et al.25 | Human | c-Kit+ immunoselection (MACS) | UC | In vitro: human glioblastoma (U251) cells | Decreased inflammation by suppression of NF-kB signaling |
| In vivo: acute muscle injury model in mice | Angiogenesis and muscle fiber regeneration | ||||
| Sedrakyan et al.6 | Mouse | c-Kit+ immunoselection (MACS) | UC (+FACS) | In vitro: mouse glomerular endothelial cells | Protection against VEGF-induced glomerular endothelial cell damage |
| In vivo: mouse model of Alport syndrome | Improvement of renal physiological parameters (proteinuria and serum creatinine) | ||||
| Beretti et al.26 | Human | c-Kit+ immunoselection (MACS) | TEIR | In vitro: Immuno-modulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells | Decrease in T-cell proliferation |
| This study | Rat | c-Kit+ immunoselection (MACS) | UC, Exo-PREP, ExoQuick, TEIR, qEV | In vitro: human alveolar epithelial type 2 (A549) cells stressed with nitrofen | Decrease in A549 cell apoptosis |
FACS: Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting.
RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
UC: Ultracentrifugation.
IDO1: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
MACS: Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting.
VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.
TEIR: Total Exosome Isolation Reagent.