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. 2018 Nov 12;44(4):793–804. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0271-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Combining optogenetic stimulation of 5-HT terminals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) with 5 mg/kg citalopram treatment does not alter operant responding for saccharin. a Schematic for optogenetic stimulation of 5-HT terminals in the NAc (5 mW, 10 ms pulses, 5 Hz) applied throughout tests of responding for saccharin in ChR2− mice (n = 8, white symbols) and ChR2+ mice (n = 8, green symbols). DRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; MRN, median raphe nucleus (MRN presented for completeness, weight of lines illustrates differential contribution of 5-HT inputs from DRN and MRN). b Photostimulation alone did not alter responding for saccharin in ChR2 + mice at any frequency tested. Responding was not different between photostimulation sessions (blue shaded area) and sessions without photostimulation (“OFF”; ANOVAs across all OFF–ON–OFF periods: F_(1,15) < 0.25, p > 0.325). c Combining photostimulation of 5-HT terminals in the NAc with citalopram treatment did not differentially affect responding for saccharin across time in ChR2− mice (left panels; Laser × Citalopram × Time: F_(3,21) = 0.26, ns) and ChR2+ mice (right panels; Laser × Citalopram × Time: F_(3,21) = 0.68, ns). d Average (±SEM, shaded area) cumulative response rate plots for the first 10 min of test sessions from ChR2+ mice treated with citalopram alone (top) or citalopram combined with photostimulation (bottom). Locomotor activity was unaffected by citalopram alone (e; Group × Citalopram: F_(1,14) = 0.34, ns; Citalopram: F_(1,14) = 0.857, ns) or the combination of citalopram and photostimulation (f; Group × Citalopram × Time: F_(3,42) = 0.93, ns; Group × Citalopram: F_(1,14) = 0.02, ns). Data are expressed as mean (±SEM)