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. 2019 Feb 6;10:155. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00155

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Copyright © 2019 Limongi, Baldelli, Checconi, Marcocci, De Chiara, Fraternale, Magnani, Ciriolo and Palamara.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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GSH-C4 treatment abrogates the production and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (A) C2C12 cells were differentiated for 4 days. Subsequently, 10 mM GSH-C4 was added to the myotubes for 12 or 24 hrs. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in culture supernatants were detected using Luminex Assay (Bio-Rad). Data are expressed as means ± S.D. (n = 4; **p < 0.001). (B) Total RNA was isolated and relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed by RT-qPCR. mRNA levels were normalized to RPL. Data are expressed as means ± S.D. (n = 6; **p < 0.001). (C) 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated for 8 days. Subsequently, 10 mM GSH-C4 was added to the adipocytes for 12 or 24 hrs. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in culture supernatants were detected using Luminex Assay (Bio-Rad). Data are expressed as means ± S.D. (n = 3; **p < 0.001). (D) Total RNA was isolated and relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed by RT-qPCR. mRNA levels were normalized to RPL. Data are expressed as means ± S.D. (n = 4; **p < 0.001). All the images reported in the figures are representative of at least three experiments that gave similar results.