Table 1.

Study participant characteristics according to NAFLD FIB-4 score (n = 1,260).

Characteristic	NAFLD			p value
	No	Yes
	(n = 762)	FIB-4 < 1.45 (n = 259)	FIB-4 ≥ 1.45 (n = 239)
Age (years)	63.8 (7.4)	61.1 (6.4)*	66.5 (6.2)*†	<0.01
Female sex	410 (53.8)	133 (51.4)	77 (32.2)	<0.01
>middle school education	306 (40.2)	117 (45.2)	105 (43.9)	0.29
MMSE (%)	27.9 (1.8)	28.2 (1.6)	27.6 (2.1)	<0.01
Hypertension	339 (44.5)	146 (56.4)	155 (64.9)	<0.01
Diabetes	95 (12.5)	61 (23.6)	60 (25.1)	<0.01
Hyperlipidemia	233 (30.6)	96 (37.1)	91 (38.1)	0.13
BMI (kg/m2)	23.0 (2.5)	25.3 (2.8)*	25.6 (2.7)*	<0.01
Smoking				<0.01
Never	453 (59.5)	138 (53.3)	113 (47.3)
Past or current smoker	249 (32.7)	101 (39.0)	110 (46.0)
Unknown	60 (7.9)	20 (7.7)	16 (6.7)
Alcohol intake				<0.01
None	494 (64.8)	163 (62.9)	121 (50.6)
Moderate	268 (35.2)	96 (37.1)	118 (49.4)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	123.6 (18.0)	125.2 (16.7)	127.3 (18.0)*	0.02
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	73.5 (10.5)	76.0 (10.4)*	76.6 (10.5)*	<0.01
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	95.0 (14.7)	106.4 (24.9)*	104.5 (21.2)*	<0.01
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	58.8 (15.1)	51.2 (13.3)*	50.2 (11.7)*	<0.01
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	89 (67–121)	133 (98–184)*	129 (88–176)*	<0.01
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	193.2 (36.3)	194.4 (37.4)	191.8 (35.6)†	0.73
CSVD markers (≥1)	165 (21.6)	61 (23.6)	81 (33.9)	<0.01
Presence of moderate to severe WMH	73 (9.6)	34 (13.1)	45 (18.8)	<0.01
Presence of microbleeds	74 (9.71)	24 (9.3)	31 (13.0)	0.30
Presence of lacunes	64 (8.4)	19 (7.3)	30 (12.7)	0.09

Data are presented as means (SDs) or numbers (percentages).

NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, FIB-4 Fibrosis-4 index, BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, CSVD cerebral small vessel disease, WMH white matter hyperintensities.

*P < 0.05 compared to no NAFLD; ^†P < 0.05 compared to FIB-4 < 1.45.