Exposure of differentiated THP-1 cells to live and UV-inactivated HCMV induces secretion of IL-1β. THP-1 cells were differentiated using PMA for 24 h and either left untreated (mock) or exposed to live or UV-inactivated HCMV-TB40/E (MOI of 3) for 18 h. (A) IL-1β secretion in culture medium was measured by ELISA. Values are averages ± standard errors of the means (SEM) from three biological replicates. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. (B) Immunoblot (IB) assay showing results for pro-IL-1β, mature processed IL-1β (supernatant), HCMV IE72/IE86, pp65, and GAPDH. (C) Primary monocytes were differentiated using 2.5 mg/ml M-CSF for 6 days and then stimulated with IFN-γ and LPS for 24 h and either left untreated (mock) or exposed to live or UV-inactivated HCMV-TB40/E (MOI of 10) for 18 h. IL-1β secretion in culture medium was measured by ELISA. Values are averages ± SEM from three biological replicates. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction was performed. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001.