Table 2.
Cause of death in people with heart failure and age, sex, and practice matched comparators without heart failure. Data are number (%)
| Cause of death subgroup | Heart failure | No heart failure |
|---|---|---|
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 17 207 (55.7) | 24 965 (32.7) |
| Heart failure primary cause | 2237 (7.2) | 960 (1.3) |
| Heart failure any cause of death* | 13 093 (42.4) | 5528 (7.2) |
| Arrhythmias (ICD-10 codes: I47-I49) | 513 (1.7) | 684 (0.89) |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 4925 (15.9) | 12 223 (16.0) |
| Neoplasms | 3854 (12.5) | 19 887 (26.0) |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 1095 (3.5) | 3526 (4.6) |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 774 (2.5) | 1877 (2.5) |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | 611 (2.0) | 876 (1.2) |
| Mental and behavioural disorders | 484 (1.6) | 4357 (5.7) |
| External causes of morbidity and mortality | 438 (1.4) | 1752 (2.3) |
| Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 372 (1.2) | 2263 (3.0) |
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 331 (1.1) | 873 (1.1) |
| Diseases of the nervous system | 318 (1.0) | 2635 (3.5) |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 219 (0.71) | 689 (0.9) |
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 174 (0.6) | 307 (0.4) |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs | 63 (0.2) | 144 (0.2) |
| Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities | 36 (0.1) | 44 (0.1) |
| Other | 5 (0.0) | 19 (0.0) |
ICD-10=international classification of diseases, 10th revision.
*
Includes patients for whom heart failure may have been the primary or a contributory cause of death.