McBride 2004

Methods	Setting: Army Medical Center, USA Recruitment: pregnant smokers and recent quitters with partners
Participants	316 pregnant recent quitters, 267 continuing smokers (excluded miscarriages); average age 24, average cigs/day prepregnancy 13
Interventions	Both interventions included prepartum and postpartum components, in addition to usual care 1. Women only (WO); 3 counselling calls in pregnancy, 3 postpartum, monthly. Motivational interviewing. Late pregnancy relapse prevention kit 2. Partner‐assisted (PA); as WO, plus advice on using partner as coach, and 6 calls to partner. Cessation support for smoking partners 3. Usual care; provider advice and mailed pregnancy‐specific self‐help
Outcomes	Abstinence at week 28 of pregnancy and 12 months postpartum (7‐day PP). Also assessed at 8 weeks, 6 months postpartum Validation: saliva cotinine requested by mail, no difference in return rates, disconfirmation rates not given, only self‐reported rates reported
Notes	New for 2009 update End of pregnancy abstinence amongst baseline quitters, combining interventions 1 and 2 versus control in analysis 1.1. No significant effect of either intervention on end of pregnancy abstinence amongst baseline smokers. 12 months postpartum abstinence for those quit at end of pregnancy in analysis 1.2. Abstinence rates not given separately for those quit at randomisation, but ⅔ of end‐of‐pregnancy quitters came from this category, and the prepartum interventions did not increase cessation
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomisation method not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No blinding reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Biochemical validation conducted but not used in outcome data. "Saliva return rates did not differ by condition at either follow‐up", but rates of return low and level of misreport not specified
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Excluded miscarriages, no other information on losses