Table 1.
Characteristics of male study participants (n = 2884)
| Model 1 (⊿BMI> = 2.5 kg/m2)a | Model 2 (⊿BMI> = 3.5 kg/m2)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Casesb, c | Contorlsb, c | p c | Casesb, c | Contorlsb, c | p d | |
| (n = 1125) | (n = 1759) | (n = 673) | (n = 2211) | |||
| Age (yr)e | 56.0 ± 9.8 | 57.6 ± 11.1 | <0.001 | 56.1 ± 9.5 | 57.3 ± 11.0 | <0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2)e | 25.3 ± 2.8 | 21.9 ± 2.4 | <0.001 | 26.1 ± 2.9 | 22.4 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| Height (cm)e | 168.8 ± 5.8 | 168.1 ± 6.4 | <0.05 | 168.9 ± 5.9 | 168.3 ± 6.3 | <0.05 |
| Weight (kg)e | 72.4 ± 9.5 | 62.9 ± 8.3 | <0.001 | 74.6 ± 9.7 | 64.2 ± 8.6 | <0.001 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 545 (48.4) | 159 (9.0) | <0.001 | 414 (61.5) | 290 (13.1) | <0.05 |
| BMI on 20 yr. (kg/m2)e | 20.9 ± 2.2 | 21.7 ± 2.4 | <0.001 | 20.7 ± 2.3 | 21.6 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| Weight on 20 yr. (kg)e | 59.5 ± 7.7 | 61.3 ± 8.1 | <0.001 | 59.2 ± 7.7 | 61.1 ± 8.0 | <0.001 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 52 (4.6) | 141 (8.0) | <0.001 | 31 (4.6) | 162 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (METs)e | 18.6 ± 13.7 | 21.7 ± 14.3 | <0.001 | 17.6 ± 13.5 | 21.3 ± 14.2 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 1122 | 1758 | <0.001 | 671 | 2209 | <0.05 |
| Never smokers | 326 (29.1) | 591 (33.6) | 197 (29.4) | 720 (32.6) | ||
| Former smokers | 530 (47.3) | 698 (39.7) | 320 (47.7) | 908 (41.1) | ||
| Current smokers | 266 (23.8) | 469 (26.7) | 154 (23.0) | 581 (26.3) | ||
| Habitual drinking, n (%) | 1125 | 1759 | 0.057 | 673 | 2211 | <0.05 |
| Never drinkers | 270 (24.0) | 356 (20.2) | 168 (25.0) | 458 (20.7) | ||
| Former drinkers | 17 (1.5) | 28 (1.6) | 6 (0.9) | 39 (1.8) | ||
| Current drinkers | 838 (74.5) | 1375 (78.2) | 499 (74.1) | 1714 (77.5) | ||
| Stress Feeling, n (%) | 1051 | 1673 | 0.081 | 631 | 2093 | 0.538 |
| Many times | 156 (13.9) | 252 (14.3) | 92 (13.7) | 316 (14.3) | ||
| Normal | 565 (50.2) | 947 (53.8) | 341 (50.7) | 1171 (53.0) | ||
| Nothing | 330 (35.9) | 474 (31.8) | 198 (35.7) | 606 (32.7) | ||
| Education, n (%) | 1122 | 1754 | <0.05 | 672 | 2204 | <0.05 |
| < 12 yr | 77 (6.9) | 159 (9.0) | 46 (6.8) | 190 (8.6) | ||
| 12 yr | 475 (42.3) | 788 (44.8) | 292 (43.5) | 971 (44.1) | ||
| > = 12 yr | 570 (50.8) | 807 (46.2) | 334 (49.7) | 1043 (47.3) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | 1125 | 1759 | 0.352 | 673 | 2211 | 0.122 |
| Unmarried | 91 (8.1) | 119 (6.8) | 59 (8.8) | 151 (6.8) | ||
| Married | 970 (86.2) | 1547 (87.9) | 572 (85.0) | 1945 (88.0) | ||
| Bereavement/divorce | 64 (5.7) | 93 (5.3) | 42 (6.2) | 115 (5.2) | ||
| Family structure, n (%) | 1121 | 1758 | 0.882 | 671 | 2208 | 0.164 |
| Single | 68 (6.1) | 96 (5.5) | 49 (7.3) | 115 (5.2) | ||
| Couple | 218 (19.4) | 355 (20.2) | 123 (18.3) | 450 (20.4) | ||
| Two generations | 519 (46.3) | 817 (46.4) | 309 (46.1) | 1027 (46.5) | ||
| Three generations | 316 (28.2) | 490 (27.9) | 190 (28.3) | 616 (27.9) | ||
| Family relationships, n (%) | 1121 | 1750 | 0.577 | 670 | 2201 | 0.542 |
| Good | 505 (44.9) | 762 (43.3) | 305 (45.5) | 962 (43.7) | ||
| Somewhat good | 607 (54.0) | 969 (55.1) | 357 (53.0) | 1219 (55.4) | ||
| ‘Not so good’/‘not good’ | 9 (0.8) | 19 (1.1) | 8 (1.2) | 20 (0.9) | ||
BMI body mass index
aIncrement of BMI ≥2.5 and 3.5 kg/m2 from BMI_20yr were meant ≥7.5 and 10.0 kg of body weight gain among Japanese men with their average height, in Model 1 and 2, respectively
bCases and controls were defined as the study participants with ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ of each cut-off value on body weight gain in Model 1 and 2, respectively
cNumbers of ‘unknown’ were not shown
dt- or chi-square tests
eValues were shown as mean ± standard deviation