Table 2.

Chi-square analysis with each risk factor and smoking

Variables		Non-smoker		Smoker		p-value
		n	%	n	%
Emotional labor
aKELS-1	Good	58	89.2	7	10.8	0.464
	Risk	266	85.8	44	14.2
bKELS-2	Good	165	89.7	19	10.3	0.069
	Risk	159	83.2	32	16.8
cKELS-3	Good	187	90.3	20	9.7	0.014
	Risk	137	81.5	31	18.5
dKELS-4	Good	239	88.5	31	11.5	0.055
	Risk	85	81	20	19.0
eKELS-5	Good	304	87.1	45	12.9	0.144
	Risk	20	76.9	6	23.1
Workplace violence
fKWVS-1	Good	262	87.3	38	12.7	0.292
	Risk	62	82.7	13	17.3
gKWVS-2	Good	281	88.4	37	11.6	0.009
	Risk	43	75.4	14	24.6
hKWVS-3	Good	290	86.6	45	13.4	0.785
	Risk	34	85	6	15.0
iKWVS-4	Good	261	87.3	38	12.7	0.318
	Risk	63	82.9	13	17.1
Working condition
Employment type	Formal	210	86.8	32	13.2	0.774
	Informal	114	85.7	19	14.3
Working hours (hours/week)	< 40	89	95.7	4	4.3	0.003
	40–49	220	84.3	41	16.7
	≥50	15	71.4	51	13.6
Annual salary (million KRW)	< 21.4	58	95.1	3	4.9	0.039
	≥21.4	266	84.7	48	15.3
Employment period (years)	< 5	149	86.6	23	13.4	0.906
	≥5	175	86.2	28	13.8
Demographic characteristics
Age (years)	< 40	311	86.6	48	13.4	0.539
	≥40	13	81.3	3	18.8

p-value by Chi-square test

^aKELS-1: Emotional demands and regulation, ^bKELS-2: Problems in the customer service process, ^cKELS-3: Emotional disharmony and hurt, ^dKELS-4: Organizational surveillance and monitoring, ^eKELS-5: Organizational support and protection system, ^fKWVS-1: Psychological/sexual violence from customers, ^gKWVS-2: Psychological/sexual violence in the workplace from supervisor or coworkers, ^hKWVS-3: Psychological/Physical violence from customers/the workplace, ⁱKWVS-4: Organizational support system for violence