Table 2.
Clinical features and their correlation with brain metastasis
| Clinical feature | N (%)a | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | ||
| Clinical stage | 0.000 | ||||||
| IA | 11 (0.7) | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – |
| IB | 5 (2.0) | 2.938 | 1.012–8.530 | 0.047 | 6.962 | 1.706–28.411 | 0.007 |
| II | 19 (3.6) | 5.313 | 2.512–11.238 | 0.000 | 7.906 | 2.354–26.547 | 0.001 |
| III | 68 (8.8) | 13.831 | 7.270–26.311 | 0.000 | 18.295 | 6.105–54.831 | 0.000 |
| IV | 67 (28.3) | 56.753 | 29.422–109.471 | 0.000 | 56.646 | 18.163–176.660 | 0.000 |
| Pathology | 0.000 | 0.024 | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 117 (4.9) | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 9 (1.5) | 0.289 | 0.146–0.573 | 0.000 | 0.260 | 0.099–0.687 | 0.007 |
| Other | 44 (10.8) | 2.325 | 1.616–3.346 | 0.000 | 0.946 | 0.487–1.836 | 0.869 |
| Age (≤ 60/> 60) | 91 (5.4)/79 (4.6) | 0.837 | 0.615–1.141 | 0.261 | – | – | – |
| Sex (male/female) | 103 (5.4)/67 (4.5) | 1.221 | 0.890–1.673 | 0.215 | – | – | – |
| Smoking history (never /ever) | 46 (2.5)/62 (4.8) | 1.972 | 1337–2.908 | 0.001 | – | – | – |
| CEA (< 5 ng/ml /≥5 ng/ml)b | 34 (1.6)/51 (7.6) | 4.941 | 3.172–7.695 | 0.000 | – | – | – |
| CYFRA21-1 (< 3.3 ng/ml /≥3.3 ng/ml)c | 27 (1.7)/56 (4.7) | 2.809 | 1.763–4.475 | 0.000 | – | – | – |
| CA125 (< 35 U/ml /≥35 U/ml)d | 46 (2.0)/23 (8.4) | 4.569 | 2.724–7.664 | 0.000 | – | – | – |
CA cancer antigen, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CYFRA cytokeratin 19 fragments, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
aPercentages are based on the total number of patients with each characteristic in the study group
bData on CEA levels was absent in 632 patients (18.6%)
cData on CYFRA21-1 was absent in 651 patients (19.2%)
dData on CA125 was absent in 768 patients (22.6%)