Table 1.
Item factor analysis (oblique rotation, pattern matrix) of the EDA-QA (n = 347)
| Item | Factor 1 | Factor 2 |
|---|---|---|
| 11. I am good at getting round others and making them do as I want | 0.79 | − 0.17 |
| 25. I seek to quibble and change rules set by others | 0.78 | − 0.05 |
| 15. I have a very rapidly changing mood (e.g., I can switch from affectionate to angry in an instant) | 0.77 | 0.05 |
| 3. I am driven by the need to be in charge | 0.77 | − 0.17 |
| 17. I blame or target a particular person/persons | 0.75 | − 0.10 |
| 7. I have difficulty complying with demands and requests from others unless they are carefully presented | 0.75 | 0.02 |
| 5. I tell other people how they should behave, but do not feel these rules apply to me | 0.74 | 0.03 |
| 1. I obsessively resist and avoid ordinary demands and requests | 0.72 | 0.11 |
| 23. I ensure any social interaction is on my own terms | 0.72 | 0.08 |
| 16. I know what to do or say to upset particular people | 0.71 | − 0.09 |
| 12. I am unaware or indifferent to the differences between myself and figures of authority (e.g. parents, teachers, and police) | 0.65 | − 0.03 |
| 22. I have periods when I have extremely emotional responses (e.g. crying/giggling, becoming furious) to what others would think small events | 0.64 | 0.25 |
| 21. I sometimes use outrageous or shocking behaviour to get out of doing something | 0.62 | 0.19 |
| 2. I complain about illness or physical incapacity to avoid a request or demand | 0.60 | |
| 4. I find everyday pressures (e.g. having to go on a routine trip/visit dentist) intolerably stressful | 0.60 | 0.19 |
| 13. I will still sometimes have a ‘meltdown’ (e.g. scream, tantrum, hit, or kick) if I feel pressurised to do something | 0.58 | 0.27 |
| 9. I show little shame or embarrassment (e.g., I might throw a tantrum in public and not be embarrassed) | 0.54 | 0.10 |
| 19. I can be distracted (preoccupied) ‘from within’ (i.e., absorbed in my own world) | 0.54 | 0.26 |
| 18. I deny things I have done, even if I am caught “red handed” | 0.53 | 0.24 |
| 26. I can be passive and difficult to engage | 0.48 | 0.16 |
| 6. I mimic other people’s mannerisms and styles (e.g., use phrases adopted from other people to express myself to others) | 0.44 | 0.38 |
| 20. I make an effort to maintain my reputation with other people | 0.36 | − 0.18 |
| 14. I like to be told I have done a good job | 0.29 | − 0.18 |
| 8. I take on roles or characters (from TV/real life) and ‘act them out’ | 0.10 | 0.78 |
| 10. I invent fantasy worlds or games and act them out | 0.06 | 0.75 |
| 24. I prefer to interact with others in an adopted role, or communicate through props or objects | 0.24 | 0.58 |
Factors extracted using principal component analysis, and obliquely rotated in nine iterations. Loadings over 0.5 in bold
EDA-QA Extreme Demand Avoidance Questionnaire (Adult) survey