. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 13.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Jun 14;94(10):1940–1950. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.05.018

Table 2.

Index injury characteristics

			Worst			Age at First TBI (y)
Parameter	No Prior TBI	Prior TBI	Mild/AC Only	Mild/LOC	Moderate or Severe	0–5	6–10	11–15	≥16
Index TBI etiology(%) (n=4457)
Vehicular	53.7	54.5	52.2	59.5^*	49.1	58.7^*	50.3	59.2^*	53.7
Falls	24.2	19.5^*	21.2	17.4^*	20.1	19.0^*	23.1	14.6^†	20.0^*
Violence	11.2	13.1	12.6	11.7	17.2^*	11.1	12.2	13.4	13.5
Other	10.9	12.9	14.0	11.4	13.6	11.1	14.3^*	12.7	12.8
BAC(n=3227) Mean±SD	64.91±99.866	79.27±111.852^*	69.96±105.628	80.66±111.824^*	95.37±122.559^‡	76.30±112.809^*	74.79±112.781	66.33±102.368	84.40±114.031^*
BAC grouping (n=4337) Negative	41.9	39.6	42.7	39.3	33.5^*	36.1^*	42.4	40.0	39.1
1–100mg/dL	1.3	1.5	0.8	1.2	3.7	0.0	0.7	3.3	1.4
>100mg/dc	30.9	34.3	30.5	34.1	43.3^†	36.1^*	32.6	29.3	36.0^*
Positive but unknown	0.3	0.7	0.3	1.2	0.6	0.0	0.7	2.0	0.4
Not tested	25.5	23.9	25.8	24.3	18.9^*	27.9	23.6	25.3	23.1
Acute care LOS (n=4462) Mean±SD	21.13±16.590	19.01±13.669^*	18.98±14.434^*	18.69±12.924^*	19.72±13.501	18.63±12.419^*	17.06±10.017^†	19.11±14.039^*	19.56±14.543
Rehabilitation LOS (n=4459) Mean±SD	28.24±27.241	25.89±23.536	25.81±26.490	25.69±21.309	26.46±21.020	27.59±18.273	24.14±19.355^*	28.10±35.551	25.50±20.473^*
Days in PTA (n=4293) Mean±SD	34.02±35.079	25.83±24.648^†	25.14±25.846^†	25.391±23.915^†	28.28±23.401^*	24.78±20.684^†	23.79±25.386^†	24.55±23.213^†	26.92±25.311^†
Days to follow commands (n=4324) Mean±SD	9.10±14.789	5.87±9.699^†	5.99±10.329^†	5.36±9.071^†	6.68±9.538^*	4.75±7.947^†	5.49±9.271^†	6.02±10.349^†	6.07±9.828^†
FIM Total admit (n=4321) Mean±SD	49.00±23.493	56.06±23.840^†	57.23±24.231^‡	57.15±23.419^‡	51.06±23.341	52.27±23.850^*	60.43±23.566^§	57.17±24.875^‡	54.94±23.478^†
FIM Motor admit (n=4329) Mean±SD	34.27±17.934	39.64±18.853^†	40.60±19.011^‡	40.39±18.691^‡	35.84±18.484	36.68±19.808^*	43.25±18.363^§	40.46±19.309^‡	38.71±18.629^†
FIM Cognitive admit (n=4416) Mean±SD	14.75±7.761	16.43±7.170^†	16.58±7.338^†	16.84±7.139^†	15.25±6.767	15.83±6.795^*	17.31±7.049^‡	16.72±7.570^†	16.17±7.122^*
FIM total discharge (n=4295) Mean±SD	90.40±23.267	98.30±17.629^‡	98.71±18.678^‡	98.66±17.067^‡	96.57±16.308^†	100.11±17.972^§	101.37±14.511^§	99.13±17.385^‡	96.95±18.353^†
FIM motor discharge (n=4309) Mean±SD	66.82 ±18.615	72.94±14.589^‡	73.29±15.071^‡	73.17±14.302^‡	71.67±14.105^†	74.43±15.244^§	75.70±11.884^§	73.49±14.083^‡	71.80±15.255^†
FIM cognitive discharge (n=4406) Mean±SD	23.60±6.914	25.42±5.551^†	25.52±5.791^†	25.54±5.507^†	24.92±5.076^*	25.68±5.538^‡	25.88±5.189^‡	25.60±5.824^†	25.20±5.571^†
DRS admit (n=4368) Mean±SD	12.55±5.678	10.98±4.801	10.65±4.904^‡	10.78±4.690^‡	12.13±4.654	11.49±4.624^*	10.41±4.641^‡	10.78±4.738^‡	11.14±4.880^†
DRS discharge (n=4367) Mean±SD	6.38±3.876	5.39±2.696 ^†	5.316±2.882 ^†	5.32±2.500^†	5.70±2.66^*	5.35±2.882^†	5.12±2.156^‡	5.13±2.815^‡	5.55±2.767^†
Discharged to private residence (%) (n=4459)	84.5	85.4	89.0^*	83.0	82.7	95.3^‡	87.1	85.4	83.8
Primary person living with at discharge (%) (n=4448)
Alone	3.3	2.9	1.6	4.0	3.6	0.0^*	2.0	1.9	3.8
Spouse or significant other	31.2	29.1	31.5	27.5	26.9	29.7	25.9^*	30.8	29.4
Parents, siblings, other family	47.8	51.5	54.6^*	49.0	49.7	64.1 ^‡	55.8^*	51.9	48.6
All else	17.6	16.6	12.4^*	19.5	19.8	6.3 ^‡	16.3	15.4	18.2

Abbreviations:AC,alteredconsciousness;DRS,DisabilityRatingScale; FIM, Functional Independence Measure; LOS, length of stay; PTA, posttraumatic amnesia.

Modest effect size: 0.1≤h/d≤0.2.

^†

Important effect size: 0.2<h/d≤0.3.

^‡

Very important effect size: 0.3<h/d≤0.4.

^§

Substantial effect size: 0.4<h/d.