Table 3.

Post-Index injury follow-up on functional and behavioral status

			Worst			Age at First TBI (y)
Parameter	No Prior TBI	Prior TBI	Mild/AC Only	Mild/LOC	Moderate or Severe	0–5	6–10	11–15	≥16
PHQ-9 (n=3586) Mean±SD	5.02±5.634	6.78±6.297‡	6.30±5.964y	6.86±6.230‡	7.69±7.072§	5.61±5.986*	7.71 6.156§	6.72±6.603†	6.67±6.258†
GAD-7 (n=3587) Mean±SD	3.89±5.102	5.08±5.522†	4.89±5.389*	4.98±5.463†	5.73 ±5.929‡	4.48±4.809*	6.09 5.774§	5.16±5.410†	4.82±5.542*
Use of illicit drugs (n=4419)	8.1	17.8†	17.3†	18.6‡	17.5†	18.8‡	23.3§	21.8‡	15.0†
Alcohol misuse (n=4377)	13.5	22.8†	23.3†	24.1†	19.1*	28.1‡	22.8†	26.9‡	21.0†
Problem use (n=4385)	18.7	32.8‡	31.9‡	35.7‡	28.4†	37.5§	34.9‡	35.9‡	30.6†
FIM Total score Mean±SD	114.76±18.959	116.56±15.310*	116.79±16.063*	116.37±15.801	116.45±12.338	118.67±12.056†	119.74±6.800†	117.74±12.048*	115.03±17.921
FIM Motor score (n=4337) Mean±SD	83.95±14.746	85.28±12.249	85.30±12.903	85.16±12.782	85.51±9.328*	86.97±9.903†	87.72± 5.406†	86.28±9.810*	84.07±14.287
FIM Cognitive score (n=4344) Mean SD	30.77±5.447	31.28±4.267*	31.50±4.073*	31.21±4.350	30.93±4.499	31.70±3.736*	32.02±2.531†	31.46±3.800*	30.96±4.799
GOS-E (n=4394) Mean±SD	5.82±1.802	6.03±1.533*	6.08±1.543*	6.01±1.522*	5.98±1.542	6.16±1.405*	6.20±1.296†	6.19±1.413†	5.92±1.636
GOS-E categories (%)
Good recovery	38.9	37.0	39.3	35.7	34.5	38.1	36.7	38.5	36.5
Moderate disability	33.3	45.4†	44.0†	46.6†	45.8†	47.6†	52.4‡	47.4†	42.5*
Severe disability or vegetative (%)	27.7	17.6†	16.7†	17.7†	19.6*	14.3‡	10.9§	14.1‡	21.0*

Abbreviations: AC, altered consciousness; FIM, Functional Independence Measure; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale; GOS-E, Glasgow Outcome Score-Extended; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

^*Modest effect size: 0.1≤h/d≤0.2.

^†Important effect size: 0.2<h/d≤0.3.

^‡Very important effect size: 0.3<h/d≤0.4.

^§Substantial effect size: 0.4<h/d.