Table 1.
Summary of included studies
| Author | Country | Type of study | Length of follow up | Sample size | n ≥50 years | Adherence n (%) <50 years of age | Adherence n (%) ≥50 years of age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabate et al. [67] | Cote D’Ivoire | Retrospective cohort | 3–6 months | 614 | 52 (8.5%) | 435 (77.4%) | 41(78.85%) |
| Carlucci et al. [68] | Zambia | Cohort | N/A | 409 | 71 (17.4%) | 295 (87.3%) | 60 (84.5%) |
| Fielding et al. [69] | South Africa | Cohort | 12 months | 1439 | 225 (15.6%) | 1065 (87.77%) | 195 (86.7%) |
| Birbeck et al. [70] | Zambia | Retrospective study | 12 months | 255 | 29 (12.9%) | 130(57.3%) | 17 (59.7%) |
| Pirkle et al. [71] | Burkina Faso | Single-arm pilot (cohort) | 1 month | 606 | 45 (7.5%) | 362 (65%) | 29 (64%) |
| Stubbs et al. [72] | Mozambique | Pharmacy record review | 6 months | 426 | 46 (10.8%) | 273 (71.8%) | 32 (69.6%) |
| Jaquet et al. [73] | Benin, Côte d’Ivoire and Mali | Cross-sectional | N/A | 2065 | 277 (11%) | 1628 (91.1%) | 246 (88.8%) |
| Lester et al. [74] | Kenya | Randomized clinical trial | 12 months | 538 | 43 (8%) | 282 (57%) | 19 (44.2%) |
| Watt et al. [75] | Tanzania | Cross sectional | N/A | 339 | 34 (10%) | 291(95.4%) | 29 (85.3%) |
| Chung et al. [76] | Kenya | Prospective cohort | 18 months | 347 | 28 (8%) | 221 (69.3%) | 16 (57.1%) |
| Kunutsor et al. [77] | Uganda, Zambia | Randomised controlled trial | 13 months | 174 | 20 (11.5%) | 139 (90.3%) | 18 (90%) |
| Messou et al. [78] | Cote D’Ivoire | Prospective cohort | 12 months | 996 | 95 (9.5%) | 384 (34%) | 39 (41%) |
| Ncaca et al. [79] | South Africa | Case-control | 16 months | 244 | 10 (4.5%) | 190 (81.2%) | 10 (100%) |
| Mbuagbaw et al. [80] | Cameroon | Randomized trial | 6 months | 160 | 33 (20.6%) | 88 (69.3%) | 23 (69.7%) |
| Annison et al. [81] | Ghana | Cohort | 18 months | 280 | 37 (13.2%) | 205 (84.4%) | 34 (92%) |
| Kiwuwa-Muyingo et al. [82] | Uganda, Zambia | Randomised controlled trial | 12 months | 2960 | 191 (6.5%) | 800 (28.9%) | 50 (26.2%) |
| Negash et al. [83] | Ethiopia | Cross sectional | N/A | 355 | 35 (10%) | 236 (73.7%) | 25 (71.4%) |
| Jones et al. [84] | Zambia | Cohort | 12 months | 249 | 25 (10%) | 182 (81.3%) | 17 (68%) |
| Vinikoor et al. [39] | Zambia | Cross Sectional study | 24 months | 92,130 | 6281 (6.8%) | 51,902 (60.5%) | 3869 (61.6%) |
| Muya et al. [38] | Tanzania | Prospective cohort | 60 months | 44204 | 4863 (11%) | 39342 (85.2%) | 4211 (86.6%) |
| Pooled data | 148,819 | 12,401 (8.3%) | 92,705 (68%) | 8947 (72.15%) |