1. Treatment interventions of included studies.
| Study ID | No. centres | No. participants (assessed/assigned) | Surgical fixation | Conservative treatment |
| Ahrens 2017 | 20 | 204/301 (67.8%) | Plate fixation: LCP (precontoured titanium plate) | Simple sling |
| Chen 2011 | 11 | 60/60 (100%) | Intramedullary fixation: TEN | Simple sling |
| COTS 2007 | 8 | 111/132 (84.1%) | Plate fixation: limited DCP/3.5 mm reconstruction plates/pre‐contoured plates/other plates | Simple sling |
| Figueiredo 2008 | 1 | 40/50 (80%) | Plate fixation: 3.5 mm DCP plate fixation | Simple sling |
| Judd 2009 | 1 | 57/57 (100%) | Intramedullary fixation: modified Hagie pin | Simple sling |
| Koch 2008 | 1 | 68/68 (100%) | Intramedullary fixation: 2 mm pin | Figure‐of‐eight bandage |
| Melean 2015 | 1 | 76/76 (100%) | Plate fixation: 3.5 mm LCP/LCP reconstruction plates | Simple sling |
| Mirzatolooei 2011 | 1 | 50/60 (83.3%) | Plate fixation: 3.5 mm reconstruction plates | Simple sling |
| Naveen 2017 | 1 | 60/60 (100%) | Plate fixation: 3.5 mm DCP plate fixation | Figure‐of‐eight bandage |
| Robinson 2013a | 3 | 178/200 (89%) | Plate fixation: LCP (precontoured titanium plate) | Simple sling |
| Smekal 2009 | 1 | 60/68 (88.2%) | Intramedullary fixation: TEN | Simple sling |
| Tamaoki 2017 | 2 | 98/117 (83.8%) | Plate fixation: 3.5 mm reconstruction plates | Figure‐of‐eight bandage |
| Virtanen 2012a | 1 | 51/60 (85%) | Plate fixation: 3.5 mm reconstruction plates | Simple sling |
| Woltz 2017a | 16 | 154/160 (96.2%) | Plate fixation: most operatively treated participants (80%) were treated with a precontoured clavicular plate | Simple sling |
DCP: dynamic compression plates; LCP: locking compression plate; TEN: titanium elastic nail