BAFF stimulates NF-κB signaling in CLL treated with ibrutinib. (A-B) Western blot and densitometry analysis of p100 and p52 protein levels in primary CLL patient B-cell cytoplasmic-enriched protein lysates. Treatments with ibrutinib (1 μM) or dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle) control for 1 hour and washed out, and followed by 16 hours of vehicle, BAFF (500 ng/mL), VAY-736 (10 μg/mL), or VAY-736 + BAFF. (C-D) OSU-CLL cells transduced with Lenti–viral Cignal–GFP–NF-κB reporter were pretreated with ibrutinib (1 μM) or dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle control followed by treatments of BAFF (500 ng/mL), VAY-736 (10 μg/mL), or VAY-736 + BAFF. GFP–NF-κB activity was measured via fluorescent microscopy 14 hours posttreatment. A representative image is shown (n = 106 single cells, 3 independent experiments). Data are expressed as the mean RFU fold change ± SEM relative to the vehicle control. A one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis was performed to determine whether statistical significance existed between groups. *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .001.