Comparison 1. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) versus waiting list control at end of treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Pain relief	2	58	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.05 [‐1.23, 1.12]
2 Reduction in disability	2	57	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.39 [‐1.17, 0.39]
3 Reduction in distress	2	58	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.07 [‐0.46, 0.60]