Fig. 5. Different phosphorylated sugars produce no inhibition to Penn on the HL-SGM in hapten competition assays, indicating that charge alone is not mediating virus binding to nonsialylated glycans.

The IAV-only RFUs are represented in gray, while the IAV and hapten RFUs are in green. In addition, the HL-SGM was treated with neuraminidase A (denoted as NA) to remove Sia before binding experiments, and the IAV-only RFUs are in gray, while the IAV and hapten RFUs are in purple.