Table 1.

Participant demographics, headache characteristics, and prior health care and smartphone app utilization

Participant Information	N = 10
Gender, % female/% male	80/20
Age
Current, mean ± SD [range], y	37.5 ± 15.97 [20–74]
Started having headaches, mean ± SD [range], y	19.7 ± 8.1 [9–34]
Race/ethnicity
White/Caucasian, No. (%)	7 (70)
Asian or Pacific Islander, No. (%)	1 (10)
Hispanic, No. (%)	1 (10)
Black, No. (%)	10 (10)
Headache characteristics	N = 10
Average No. of headache d/mo, mean ± SD [range]	7.6 ± 7.2 [1–22]
Average pain intensity (0–10 pain scale), mean ± SD [range]	7.3 ± 1.4 [5–10]
Current pain intensity (0–10 pain scale), mean ± SD [range]	3.3 ± 2.9 [0–8]
Headache health care utilization	N = 10
Do you see a physician in an office for your headaches?
No, No. (%)	6 (60)
Yes, No. (%)	4 (40)
Is the physician a neurologist?
Neurologist, No. (%)	3 (30)
Have you previously been to the emergency department for headaches?
No visits to the ED, No. (%)	7 (70)
3 times, No. (%)	1 (10)
5 times, No. (%)	1 (10)
>20 times, No. (%)	1 (10)
Have you previously done any of the behavioral therapies for migraine
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, No. (%)	2 (20)
Biofeedback, No. (%)	0 (0)
Progressive muscle relaxation, No. (%)	1 (10)
Smartphone app usage	N = 12
Own an iPhone, No. (%)	9 (75)
Own an Android, No. (%)	3 (25)
Age when first owned a smartphone	N = 10
Range, y	15–60
Mean, y	31.6
SD, y	14.8
Have you ever used a smartphone app for your headaches?	N = 11
No, No. (%)	10 (91)
Yes, No. (%)	1 (9)
Have you ever used a smartphone app for behavioral treatments like relaxation?	N = 11
No, No. (%)	9 (82)
Yes, No. (%)	2 (18)

There were 12 participants who completed the Think Aloud protocol. Ten of the participants were willing to complete a survey about their demographics, headaches, and more. The 11th participant was willing to share information about smartphone type and prior smartphone app use for headaches and behavioral treatment but not additional information.

ED = emergency department.