Table 2.
Cerebrovascular reactivity prospective studies in young hypertensive subjects
| Authors (year) |
Subjects | Main findings |
|---|---|---|
| Settakis et al. (2003) (36) | 58 normotensive and 113 hypertensive adolescents |
Systolic blood flow velocity percent change = 4.2 ± 14 vs. 4.7 ± 11.7; p = 0.82 (hypertensive vs. control) Mean blood flow velocity percent change = p<0.01 (hypertensive vs. control) Diastolic blood flow velocity percent change = p<0.01 (hypertensive vs. control) Note: for diastolic and mean velocities only p values without exact figures are shown on reference (data only in graph form) Percent change in diastolic and mean blood flow velocities after breath-holding were lower in hypertensives compared to normotensive controls. |
| Settakis et al. (2006) (37) | 58 normotensive and 113 hypertensive adolescents |
Systolic blood flow velocity percent change = 21.0±19.0 vs. 25.9±12.5, p<0.05 (hypertensive vs. control) Mean blood flow velocity percent change = 32.3±14.7 vs. 35.6±35.6, p = 0.18 (hypertensive vs. control) Diastolic blood flow velocity percent change = 40.4±18.1 vs. 45.5±15.2, p<0.05 (hypertensive vs. control) Systolic and diastolic blood flow velocities percent change after hyperventilation was lower in hypertensives compared to normotensive controls |
| Katona et al.(2006) (43) | 45 normotensive 61 hypertensive adolescents |
Blood flow velocity percent change after breath holding = 8.1±2.1 vs. 12.1±1.7 (hypertensive vs. control) Blood flow velocity percent change after hyperventilation = 31.0± 16.0 vs. 35±15 (hypertensive vs. control) Cerebral blood flow velocities after breath-holding and after hyperventilation were similar among hypertensives and normotensive adolescents |
| Páll et al. (2011) (38) | 59 normotensive, 47 white-coat hypertension and 73 hypertensive adolescents | Mean blood flow velocity percent change = 5.3±3.1 vs. 9.5±2.6 vs. 12.1±2.2% (white coat hypertension vs. hypertensive vs. normotensive controls) Blood flow velocity percent change was lower in white-coat hypertensives and hypertensives compared to normotensive controls |
| Wong et al. (2011) (39) | 9 normotensive, 9 elevated blood pressure, 18 white-coat hypertension, 13 untreated hypertension, 7 treated hypertension children and adolescents |
Time-averaged maximum mean velocity/end-tidal carbon dioxide = 2.556±1.832 cm/sec/mm Hg vs. 4.256±1.334 cm/sec/mm Hg (p<0.05) (untreated hypertensives vs. normotensive controls) Cerebrovascular reactivity was lower in untreated hypertensives compared to normotensive controls |
| Ostrovskaya et al. (2013) (48) | 4 elevated blood pressure 10 hypertensives |
Reactivity slopes showed significant inverse correlation with BRIEF scores ([Behavioral Regulation Index (r = −.60, P = .02), Metacognition Index (r = −.40, P = .05), and Global Executive Component (r = −.53, P = .05)]. Blunted cerebrovascular reactivity was associated with worse parental ratings of executive function |