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. 2018 Jun 13;48(3):280–292. doi: 10.1007/s13280-018-1068-1

Table 4.

Summary of bird CES hotspots across time periods

Time Period Percent of landscape classified as hotspot
Total bird species richness (%) Migratory species richness (%) Resident species richness (%) Synanthrope species richness (%) ‘Infrequent’ species richness (%) Hotspot of 4 or 5 CES (%)
Early spring 34 66 37 29 71 9
Late spring 34 78 26 26 70 7
Summer 32 64 27 27 45 9

Locations were considered hotspots if the predicted bird CES value was above the mean