Table 1.

The seven phenomenological dimensions proposed in Lutz et al. (2015). Although primary dimensions are presented in an orthogonal Euclidean space, they can vary independently from one another. Within this multidimensional space, secondary dimensions represent features dependent on specific mental states and level of expertise. In addition, the model assumes four general features that are common across the family of practices associated to mindfulness, that are physical posture, non-aversive affect, axiological framework, and task-set maintenance. These common general features are necessary elements of mindfulness practice, but they are not explicitly depicted in the model because they are less significant in distinguishing styles of practice. In the present manuscript, these general features will not be explicitly discussed, even if they were measured during the experimental settings. For instance, we measure non-aversive affect dimension during a nociceptive paradigm, and we interviewed after this paradigm the participants about the relationship between pain and their worldview.

Primary dimensions	Secondary dimensions
Object orientation Sense that a mental state is oriented towards some object or class of objects (e.g. perceptions, emotions)	Aperture Broadness of the scope of attention Clarity Degree of vividness of the experience
Dereification Degree to which mental phenomena are experienced as mental processes rather than accurate depictions of reality	Stability Degree to which experience presents itself as enduring over time
Meta-Awareness Extent to which the experience is under monitoring	Effort Impression that one’s present mental state is easy or difficult to maintain