Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and group comparison results.
| HCD N = 26 | all MS N = 42 | MS/HC comparison | p | RRMS N = 26 | PrMS N = 16 | RRMS/PrMS/HC comparison | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender [M:F] | 7:19 | 18:24 | 3.76& | - | 10:16 | 8:8 | 2.94& | - |
| Age [M, sd] | 51.35,12.42 | 52.38,10.31 | -0.37§ | - | 50.42,10.09 | 55.56,10.18 | 1.96£ | - |
| Years of education [M, sd] | 14.88,4.93 | 12.76,4.21 | 1.89§ | - | 12.42,2.86 | 13.31,5.86 | 3.42£ | - |
| EDSS[Median, range] | - | 6,1–8 | - | - | 6, 1–7 | 7, 6–8 | - | - |
| Disease duration [M, sd] | - | 21.24,10.94 | - | - | 21.08,11.86 | 21.50,9.60 | - | - |
| BDI-II [M, sd] | 5.00, 4.89 | 8.86,8.69 | -2.13∧ | 0.04 | 9.38, 8.98 | 8.00, 7.44 | 4.06£ | - |
| Cognitive symptoms | 1,42, 2,32 | 2,55,3,42 | -1.48∧ | - | 2.85, 3.73 | 2.06, 2.91 | 2.85£ | - |
| No cognitive symptoms | 3.58, 3.61 | 6.31,5.30 | -2.31∧ | 0.03 | 6.54, 5.59 | 5.94, 4.93 | 4.98£ | - |
| STAI-Y1[M, sd] | 13.19, 3.20 | 15.67,6.03 | -1.93∧ | - | 15.77,5.69 | 15.50,6.74 | 3.14£ | - |
| PARADISE [M, sd] | - | 50.03,16.08 | - | - | 50.66,16.15 | 49.00,16.44 | - | - |
| MSQOL54 [M, ds] | ||||||||
| Physical health | 55.95, 17.32 | - | - | 58.70, 18.54 | 51.47, 14.58 | - | - | |
| Mental health | 64.20, 20.76 | - | - | 65.06, 21.94 | 62.81, 19.28 | - | - | |
| SF12 [M, sd] | ||||||||
| Physical health | 51.41, 6,53 | 34.87, 9.61 | 103.00∧ | 0.000 | 36.34, 10.58 | 32.47, 7.47 | 32.39° | 0.000 |
| Mental health | 49.46, 10.04 | 51.10, 10.71 | 482.50∧ | - | 51.10, 10.70 | 51.11, 11.05 | 0.64° | - |
BDI-II, beck depression inventory, HC, healthy controls; M, mean; MS, multiple sclerosis; MSQOL54, multiple sclerosis quality of life 54; RRMS, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; PrMS, progressive multiple sclerosis; sd, standard deviation; STAI -Y1, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Y1. §T-test for independent samples was performed; &Chi-squared test was performed; °Kruskal–Wallis test was performed;∧Mann–Whitney test was performed; £One-way ANOVA was performed. Statistically significant results are reported in bold.