Table 3.
Theory of mind assessment and group comparison results.
| HC N = 26 | MS N = 42 | MS/HC comparison | p | Partial η2, observed power | RR N = 26 | Pr N = 16 | RR /Pr/HC comparison | p | Partial η2, observed power | Bonferroni’s post hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ToM score [M, sd] | |||||||||||
| SS | 6.00, 1.2 | 4.38, 1.38 | 200.50∧ | 0.000 | 0.27, 1.00 | 4.42, 1.42 | 4.31, 1.35 | 19.77° | 0.000 | 0.27, 0.99 | MS < HC |
| SSphysicalstories | 6.12, 1.03 | 5.31, 1.66 | 398.00∧ | - | - | 5.81, 1.47 | 4.50, 1.67 | 10.48° | 0.005 | 0.18, 0.92 | Pr < HC, RR |
| FP | 17.23, 4.36 | 14.19, 6.00 | 2.24§ | 0.028 | 0.07, 0,60 | 15.42, 4.43 | 12.19, 7.68 | 4.43£ | 0.016 | 0.12, 0.74 | Pr < HC |
| FPcontrolstories | 3.58, 0.50 | 3.64, 0.73 | -0.41§ | - | - | 3.65, 0.48 | 3.63, 1.02 | 0.09§ | - | - | - |
| MASC totalscore | 29.85, 4.58 | 29.93, 6.01 | -0.06§ | - | - | 30.27, 2.97 | 29.38, 6.18 | 0.13£ | - | - | - |
| Missingmentalizing | 3.73, 2.34 | 4.05, 3.27 | -0.43§ | - | - | 3.92, 2.81 | 4.25, 3.99 | 0.15£ | - | - | - |
| Under-mentalizing | 5.31, 2.29 | 5.64, 2.94 | -0.49§ | - | - | 5.58, 2.98 | 5.75, 2.95 | 0.14£ | - | - | - |
| Over-mentalizing | 4.96, 2.64 | 4.48, 2.33 | 0.79§ | - | - | 3.88, 2.20 | 5.44, 2.28 | 2.41£ | - | - | - |
| Cognitive ToM [M, sd] | |||||||||||
| SSDoublebluff | 0.66, 0.43 | 29.80 | 348.50∧ | 0.010 | 0.09, 0.72 | 0.37, 0.45 | 0.40,0.45 | 6.60° | 0.037 | 0.09, 0.61 | RR < HC |
| SSWhitelie | 1.03, 0.15 | 29.37 | 330.50∧ | 0.002 | 0.12, 0.84 | 0.84, 0.34 | 0.76,0.35 | 10.97° | 0.004 | 0.13, 0.78 | MS < HC |
| SSMisunderstanding | 0.81, 0.23 | 30.80 | 390.50∧ | 0.026 | 0.08, 0.68 | 0.65, 0.27 | 0.69,0.19 | 4.99° | - | - | - |
| FPIntention | 2.31, 0.74 | 1.67, 1.12 | 2.85§ | 0.006 | 0.09, 0.72 | 1.73, 0.92 | 1.56, 1.41 | 3.46£ | 0.037 | 0.10, 0.63 | Pr < HC |
| MASC Thoughts | 5.46, 1.27 | 5.26, 1.41 | 0.59§ | - | - | 5.12, 1.34 | 5.50, 1.46 | 0.56£ | - | - | - |
| Missingmentalizing | 0.61, 0.64 | 34.48 | 545.00∧ | - | - | 0.65, 0.69 | 0.69,1.01 | 0.12° | - | - | - |
| Under-mentalizing | 0.85, 0.73 | 33.55 | 506.00∧ | - | - | 0.96, 1.22 | 0.75,1.12 | 0.81° | - | - | - |
| Over-mentalizing | 1.04, 0.92 | 36.36 | 468.00∧ | - | - | 1.27,0.72 | 1.13,0.62 | 1.75° | - | - | - |
| MASC Intention | 13.08, 2.06 | 13.31, 3.29 | -0.36§ | - | - | 13.73, 2.97 | 12.63, 3.76 | 0.78£ | - | - | - |
| Missingmentalizing | 1.58, 1.27 | 33.46 | 502.50∧ | - | - | 1.50, 1.36 | 1.62, 2.09 | 0.51° | - | - | - |
| Under-mentalizing | 1.62, 1.10 | 34.75 | 535.50∧ | - | - | 1.50, 1.33 | 2.06, 1.69 | 1.12° | - | - | - |
| Over-mentalizing | 1.77, 1.42 | 32.61 | 466.50∧ | - | - | 1.23, 1.39 | 1.69, 1.25 | 2.51° | - | - | - |
| Affective ToM [M, sd] | |||||||||||
| SSEmotions | 0.76, 0.27 | 34.10 | 529.00∧ | - | - | 0.79, 0.26 | 0.66, 0.25 | 2.51° | - | - | - |
| FPEmotion | 2.85, 0.97 | 2.40, 1.17 | 1.61§ | - | - | 2.62, 98 | 2.06, 1.39 | 2.62£ | - | - | - |
| RMET | 25.04, 3.30 | 23.83, 3.41 | 1.43§ | - | - | 24.12, 2.75 | 23.38, 4.35 | 1.25£ | - | - | - |
| MASCAffective | 10.50,1.90 | 10.40, 2.14 | 0.19§ | - | - | 10.77, 2.23 | 9.81, 1.90 | 1.11£ | - | - | - |
| Missingmentalizing | 1.54, 1.36 | 35.68 | 496.50∧ | - | - | 1.77, 1.48 | 1.94, 1.77 | 0.44° | - | - | - |
| Under-mentalizing | 2.85, 1.46 | 35.92 | 486.50∧ | - | - | 3.08, 1.38 | 2.88, 1.26 | 0.90° | - | - | - |
| Over-mentalizing | 2.12, 1.42 | 32.70 | 470.50∧ | - | - | 1.31, 1.01 | 2.50, 1.32 | 9.14° | 0.010 | 0.14, 0.83 | RR < Pr |
HC, healthy controls; FP, faux pas, M, mean; MASC, movie for the assessment of social cognition; MS, multiple sclerosis; RRMS, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; PrMS, progressive multiple sclerosis; RMET, reading the mind from the eyes test; sd, standard deviation. §T-test for independent samples was performed; ∧Mann–Whitney test was performed; £One-way ANOVA was performed; °Kruskal–Wallis test was performed. Statistically significant results are reported in bold.