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. 2019 Feb 13;9:1940. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36557-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fast and slow SPs coincide with SOs in both younger and older adults. Asterisks mark significance after correction for multiple comparisons. (a) About one third of all fast SPs and more than half of all slow SPs occur within an interval of ±1.2 s around the trough of a SO. (b) Only a small percentage of all appearing SOs is coupled to the occurrence of SPs. SOs in older adults (blue) occur less frequently within an interval of ±1.2 s around fast SP centers than in younger adults. YA: younger adults; OA: older adults; SO: slow oscillation; SP: spindle.