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. 2019 Feb 13;9:1940. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36557-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Structural brain integrity in old age promotes ‘youth-like’ SO–SP coupling. (a) VBM measures are extracted from ROIs to obtain individual values of brain volume (ROI masks overlaid in color). (b) In older adults, greater volume in the mPFC and the thalamus is associated with increased fast SP activity at the peak of the SO. Significant positive correlation clusters (controlled for multiple comparison using a cluster-corrected correlation approach, cluster α = 0.05) are outlined by solid (mPFC) and dashed black lines (thalamus). Underlying time–frequency profiles are only plotted for illustration (in t-score units, reference window for the correlation analysis outlined by dashed black line). (c) Greater volume in the hippocampus (black solid line) and entorhinal cortex (black dashed line) is positively correlated with more global increases in EEG activity during the SO up-state. mPFC: medial prefrontal Cortex; VBM: voxel-based morphometry; ROI: region of interest; SO: slow oscillation; SP: spindle.